新浪科技讯 北京时间4月25日上午消息，今日拼多多发布2019年年报。年报显示，2019年，拼多多实现成交额10066亿元，平台年活跃买家数达5.852亿，实现年营收301.4亿元。
现金储备方面，拼多多持有现金、现金等价物及短期投资共计410.6亿元，其中不包括2020年一季度11亿美元的定向增发融资。
据用户数等核心数据，创立4年半的拼多多已经成为中国第二大电商平台。
在年报中，拼多多CEO黄峥发表一封致股东信，在信中他表示，新世界的旅程才刚刚开始。
以下是黄峥致股东信全文：
时间是什么？
今年2月，世界学会了一个新词“COVID-19”，它颠覆了我们的生活。在我写这篇文章的时候，世界上一半的人仍然被限制在家里，等待着导致COVID-19的微小病毒的早日离去。在疫情爆发的最初几天，我们在等待中热切期盼着早日恢复正常。但随着世界周复一周地继续停摆，我们开始忘记时间。
我们不禁要问自己，我们现在是处于什么时间？时间到底又是什么？
我们正处于一个危机时期——一个充斥分裂、错误信息和混乱的时期。当我们看到周围和世界各地的新闻时，新冠病毒已经导致了无数的冲突和对立。对我们大多数人来说，这是一个史无前例的时刻。然而，如果我们把它放在人类历史的背景下，它可能只是一个正常事件，只是沧海一粟。
这个病毒是大自然派出的一个信使。出于自我保护的本能，我们的身体拼命地用尽所有的力量和能量来对抗它。很快，对抗这种看似势不可挡的病毒的战争就从我们自己的身体延伸到构成我们社会的更广泛的有机体（如果我们把每个机构看作是由人和具有使命和目的的关系组成的活的有机体）。公司、政府、国家，无论规模大小，都在以自己的方式与这种威胁生命的病毒作斗争。在斗争中，我们可能已经在无意中给自己带来了更多的伤害。
一切都是从一种看不见的病毒开始的——这是一个携带着遗传信息（RNA）以及可以忽略不计的能量的微小信使，在独立于其宿主时甚至无法进行自我复制。这与核威胁形成了鲜明对比，核威胁是我们一直担心了几十年的一种威胁力量。那么，哪一种更能对人类社会造成更大、更持久的破坏呢？是代表了毁灭性能量的蘑菇云，还是一种几乎没有能量的“信使”？
我们不禁要问，这是否是一个大自然刻意传递给我们的教训？或者，是一个惩罚，救赎？又或者，仅仅代表了一个简单的讽刺？但不管是什么，对我来说，它都是超现实的。
新世界的时间
当爱因斯坦写下他著名的E=MC2方程时，他优雅地（在某种意义上也傲慢地）描绘了他心中的一个物理世界。然而，他在相对论中没有解释的是人的思想与物质世界的关系，也没有解释能量与信息的关系。
今天，在这一非常时刻，数以百万计的人呆在家里，与家人和朋友断绝了物理上的联系。然而，我们通过共同的情感在精神上相互联系并统一在一起，这反过来又影响到物质世界。虚拟世界和物理世界之间的界限空前模糊，我们将开始见证（而不仅仅是设想）一个新世界的诞生。在这个新世界里，“虚拟现实”这个词已经过时了。现实已经成为虚拟，虚拟也已经成为现实的一个部分。同样地，人类的物质需求和精神需求之间的区别也变得模糊起来。
当这种微小的病毒进入我们的世界时，它就像试管里的催化剂，正在加速这一新世界的形成。不可避免地，前一个世界的某些维度正在重组，一些规则正在改写。这股席卷全球的力量将从根本上永久改变我们现在所处的世界。正如我在之前的股东信中解释拼多多的形成那样，新的模式必将在一个全新的环境中出现和发展。我们确实看到，随着新模式的出现，旧有的一些模式正遭到逐步淘汰。现在是重建的时候了。
感受时间
1.时间之箭
人类长期以来一直用理性来理解和控制这个世界。在许多情况下，我们成功了，例如，在科学方面。通过科学，人们努力把自己从所处的物理世界中分离开来，人类就像是一个更高的存在，可以“客观地”观察、理解这个世界，并用有限的方程来定义这个世界。在这一物理框架中，时间是方程 -t=（-）t 中的一个可逆的参数，它只是方程中描述物体预定轨迹的一个参数。
然而，当这种看不见的病毒把我们惊醒，让我们意识到我们并未凌驾于这个世界之上，而只是这个世界中可以被观察到的微不足道的一部分时，我们唯一能做的就是静坐不动，任凭时间流逝。然后我们开始意识到时间并不是方程中的一个参数，而是一个不可逆的矢量。它是一种无声而无情的单向性的力量，驱动着我们看到和感受到的一切。无论我们是多么顽固和绝望地渴望对称和不朽，时间毫不费力地创造了不对称性、不可逆性和死亡。
虽然热力学第一定律（∆U=Q-W）带给我们一种控制感和确定性，但热力学第二定律（∆S≥0）使我们谦卑地承认有一个超越物理世界的力和质量的未知世界。熵（S）也与信息有关。我不确定熵是否与精神世界有关，但它确实帮助我们感受和理解时间。再说一遍，时间不是一个可逆的参数，而是一个超越物质和精神世界的无声和不可逆的驱动力。
2.时间、人群和不确定性
当牛顿揭示F=M（dV/dT）时，它给了我们一种控制错觉，或者至少它让我们一厢情愿地认为，我们最终可以驾驭力。 我们不再担心，因为每个物体都有一个可计算的轨迹，由其位置、质量、速度和力决定。我们假设每个观测对象的当前状态完全包含了可解释其过往的信息，并且每个观测对象都是独立的。这样，随着时间的推移，大量对象之间的大量交互将增加复杂性，并呈现出混沌和不确定性，因而具有或然性。似乎是时间造成了这种混沌和不确定性。概率只是大量物体运行轨迹的统计集合。
然而，当我们在家里与世隔绝，焦急不安地等待时，我们开始怀疑，在我们试图理解和解释这个世界的过程中，物体的独立性这一概念是否真是一个有效的假设。在我们对确定性的渴望中，我们很方便地选择了接受一些假设，比如每个物体之间的独立性假设，这些假设可以帮助我们解释这个世界。我们对确定性的渴望如此强烈，以至于我们相信它就是真理。
但如果概率是每个观测对象的基本特征，而不是统计集合的结果呢？如果大量对象本质上是相互交织关联在一起的呢？就像我们人类社会一样，不管每个人有多独立，我们在身体和精神上都是存在内在联系的。这些联系决定了我们是谁以及我们的存在感。
由于这些联系，分而治之的方法不再有效地减少不确定性。相反，我们看到随着时间的推移，人们之间的大量互动成为一种给社会带来秩序和确定性的力量。我们再次感受到时间的力量和魔力。
抓住时间
当COVID-19横扫地球时，每个机体都不得不面对着大自然的残酷。我们中的一些相对年轻的人必须感激，并感到幸运。这并不是说我们看到了在危机期间可以利用的机会。事实上，我鄙视“不要浪费这一危机”这一说法。危机就是危机。没有人能在灾难中胜出。任何一厢情愿地利用“机会”（或者说漏洞）来使自己获益的想法，在时间面前都显得非常愚蠢。这就好比一个放肆的赌徒试图在赌场里用计谋赢过时间那样。
相反，我们感到了需要更加努力工作的冲动。因为我们比以往任何时候都更加理解和欣赏青春的宝贵。我们比以往任何时候都更加意识到，我们现在有责任履行自己的职责。我们需要证明，我们这一代人是创新和与众不同的。在这个新世界里，新物种和新生命必将出现和成长。不管人类的意愿如何，大自然母亲都会茁壮成长。理解这些自然法则并不能让我们拥有优越感，也不能赋予我们统治和秩序的力量。相反，承认我们只是世界自然进化的一部分，这让我们感到谦卑。一位诗人捕捉到了这一切：“当我静静地回首往事时，生活中所有的悲伤和欢乐，所有的曲折，都像沙漠中的沙子一样消失了。现在我知道，我所完成的一切，只是生活的一部分。”
有了这个视角，在这个新世界里，我们感到谦卑和平静。我们非常感激我们宝贵的青春，我们感到了我们的责任的分量。因此，我们将比以往任何时候都更加致力于投资于未来，并成为我们将看到的新世界的驱动力的一部分。旅程才刚刚开始。
活在当下，这就是人生。
黄峥 （代表拼多多）
2020年4月20日
（樵风）
以下为致股东信英文原文：
LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS
What time?
In February, the world learned a new word, “COVID-19”, which upended our lives. As I write this, half of the world remains confined at home, waiting for the tiny virus that causes COVID-19 to leave us. During the early days of the outbreak, as we waited in solidarity, we eagerly hoped to return to normal. But as the world has been put on hold week after week, we start to forget time.
We cannot help but ask ourselves, what is the time we are in now and what is time?
We are in a time of crisis – of division, misinformation, and chaos. The virus has caused countless conflicts and contrasts as we watch the news around us and worldwide. It is an unprecedented time to most of us. Yet if we put it in the context of the human history, it might just be a normal incident, a drop in the ocean.
This virus is a messenger by Mother Nature. Out of self-protection and preservation, our bodies desperately fought it using all the strength and energy available. Soon enough, the war against this seemingly unstoppable virus extended from our own bodies to the broader organisms that make up our society (if we see every institution as a living organism made up of people and relationships with a mission and purpose). Companies, governments, countries, big and small, are all scrambling in their own ways to combat this life-threatening virus. In these attempts, we possibly have unintentionally introduced more damage to ourselves.
These all started with an almost invisible virus, a tiny messenger carrying some information (RNA) and a negligible amount of energy that, independent of a host, cannot even replicate. It is in stark contrast with nuclear threat, the power we feared for decades. Which is more capable of greater and more prolonged damage to our human society then - a mushroom cloud representing massive destructive energy, or a “messenger” with virtually no energy?
We cannot help but wonder if this is a lesson purposefully delivered, a punishment, a redemption, or simple irony? No matter what it is, it is surreal to me.
Time for new
When Einstein wrote down his famous E = MC2, he elegantly (in some sense also arrogantly) depicted a physical world in his mind. However, what he did not explain in his theory of relativity is the relationship between the human mind and the physical world, nor the relationship between energy and information.
Today, in this bizarre time, millions of people are staying at home, physically cut off from their families and friends. Yet we are connected and unified in spirit through shared sentiment, which in turn affects the physical world. The boundaries between the virtual and physical worlds are unprecedentedly blurred, and we are beginning to see (not just envision) a new world. In this new world, the phrase “virtual reality” is obsolete. Reality has become virtual and virtual has become part of reality. Similarly, the distinction between humanity’s physical needs and spiritual needs is also becoming vague.
When this tiny virus was dropped into our world, it acted just like a catalyst in a test tube, accelerating the formation of a whole new world. Inevitably, some dimensions of the previous world are being restructured, some rules are being rewritten. The impact of this sweeping force will fundamentally and permanently change the world we are in now. Just like what I explained in the previous shareholder letters about PDD’s formation, new models are bound to emerge and grow in a whole new setup. We are indeed seeing the phasing out of some as new ones emerge. It is the time of reestablishment.
1
Feel the time
1.Time with an arrow/direction
Human beings have long used reason to try to understand and control the world. In many cases, we succeeded, for example, science. In science, we strive to detach ourselves from the physical world we are in, to watch it as if we are a higher being “objectively” observing, understanding, and defining the world into a finite number of equations. In this framework, time is a reversible parameter in the equation -t = (-)t. It is merely a parameter in an equation to describe a predetermined trajectory of an object.
However, when an almost invisible virus awoken us to the reality that we are not above the world, but just a negligible part of the world to be observed, the only thing we can do is to sit still and let time carry its course. We then realize time is not really a parameter in an equation, but an irreversible vector. It is a silent and relentless directional force driving everything we see and feel. It effortlessly creates asymmetry, irreversibility and mortality, no matter how stubbornly and desperately we yearn for symmetry and immortality.
While the first law of thermodynamics (∆U = Q-W) gives us a sense of control and certainty, the second law (∆S ≥ 0) humbles us to acknowledge the unknown beyond just force and mass we used to define our physical world. Entropy (S) also relates to information. I am not sure if entropy relates to the spiritual world, but it does help us feel and comprehend time. Again, it is not a reversible parameter, but a silent and irreversible driving force beyond and behind both the physical and the spiritual world.
2.Time, crowd and uncertainty
When Newton revealed F = M(dV/dT), it gave us a delusive sense of control, or at least it allowed our wishful thinking that we can finally harness force. We no longer have to worry, because every object has a calculable trajectory determined by its position, mass, velocity and force. We assume each object’s current state fully encompasses and explains its past and that each object is independent. With that, large number of interactions among large number of objects over time would increase complexity and appear chaotic and uncertain, hence probabilistic. It seems that time has created this chaos and uncertainty. And probability is just a statistical aggregation of the trajectories of a large number of objects.
However, when we are isolated at home, waiting with anxiety and unsettling emotions, we start to doubt whether the notion of each object being independent is really a valid assumption in our attempt to understand and explain the world. In our yearning for certainty, we have conveniently chosen to accept some assumptions, such as independence among each object, that can help us explain the world. Our desire for certainty is so strong that we start believing it is truth.
But what if probability is a fundamental feature of each object, rather than a result of statistical aggregation? What if the large number of objects is intrinsically intertwined and interrelated? Just like our human society, no matter how independent each individual is, we are intrinsically connected both physically and spiritually. And these connections define who we are and our existence.
Because of these connections, the divide-and-conquer approach is no longer effective to reduce uncertainty. Instead, we see the large number of interactions among individuals over time becoming a force that brings order and certainty to the society. Again, we feel the force and magic of time.
Seize the time
When COVID-19 swept the earth, every organism was confronted with the brutal reality of Mother Nature. Some of us who are relatively young cannot help but to feel grateful and lucky. This is not to say that we see an opportunity to take advantage of during the crisis. In fact, I despise the saying “don’t waste a crisis”. A crisis is a crisis. Nobody can come out as a winner in the midst of a catastrophe. Any wishful thinking to capture the “opportunities” (or exploiting loopholes) to benefit oneself seems foolish in the face of time. It is akin to a presumptuous gambler trying to outsmart time at a casino.
2
Instead, we feel the urge to work even harder. Because we, more than ever, understand and appreciate how precious youth is. More than ever, we realize that we now have our duty to fulfil. We need to demonstrate that our generation is innovative and different, that in this new world, new species and new creatures are bound to emerge and grow. Mother Nature will flourish and progress, regardless of any individual’s will. Understanding these rules of nature does not make us feel superior, nor does it give us the power to rule and order. On the contrary, it humbles us to admit that we are just part of a natural evolution of the world. One poet captured it all: “As I silently look back, all the sorrows and joy, all the twists and turns, of life, vanished like sands in the desert. And now I know, all I have accomplished, is just a part of life.”
With this perspective and in this new world, we feel humble and calm. We are tremendously grateful for our precious youth, and we feel the weight of our duty. As a result, we will be more than ever committed to investing in the future, and to be part of the driving force to the new world we are seeing. The journey has only started.
This is our Carpe Diem. This is our C’est La Vie.
Colin Zheng Huang
On behalf of Pinduoduo
April 20, 2020
“掌”握科技鲜闻 （微信搜索techsina或扫描左侧二维码关注）
